[Pubmed] Systematic Review of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy in Autoimmune Diseases

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J Clin Rheumatol. 2026 May 27. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000002354. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to systematically summarize available clinical data on the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in autoimmune diseases (ADs).

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and other literature databases to identify publications on CAR-T therapy in ADs published since 2020. Eligible studies included single-case reports and case series from clinical trials, while studies involving duplicated patient populations were excluded in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Extractable patient-level data were analyzed for key clinical outcomes.

RESULTS: A total of 32 studies encompassing 124 patients with ADs who received CAR-T therapy were included. The primary diseases treated were systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and myasthenia gravis (MG), with smaller numbers of patients reported in other ADs. In SLE trials, 83% achieved clinical remission or low disease activity following CAR-T therapy, within the first few months following infusion. In MG trials, minimal symptom expression was achieved in 73%. CAR-T disappearance and B-cell reconstitution generally occurred within the first few months following infusion and were predominantly of a naïve phenotype. Mild cytokine release syndrome was the most common adverse event; serious adverse events were reported in 4.8% of patients without treatment-related deaths.

CONCLUSION: Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that CAR-T therapy is associated with meaningful clinical response in selected ADs. Larger studies with standardized outcome measures and longer follow-up are needed to better define its safety and efficacy.

PMID:42235055 | DOI:10.1097/RHU.0000000000002354


Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4223505 ... 4&v=2.20.0