[Pubmed] Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis: A Retrospective Case Series

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Rom J Intern Med. 2026 Jun 22. doi: 10.2478/rjim-2026-0013. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve outcomes across malignancies but can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), notably myocarditis, with case-fatality up to 50.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed five patients with potential ICI-associated myocarditis treated at Mayo Clinic Florida (2019-2024) and summarize the existing literature. Cases were retrospectively categorized as definite, probable, or possible myocarditis according to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings and histopathology when available.

RESULTS: The median age was 74 years, and four of the five patients were male. Myocarditis developed between 5 and 30 days after initiation of anti-PD-1 therapy. Presentations included dyspnea (three patients), chest pain (one patient), and asymptomatic troponin elevation detected on routine monitoring (one patient). Troponin T elevation above the 99th percentile was seen in all five cases (normal

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4232482 ... 8&v=2.20.0